2. Advocates for bureaucracy have positive views on having hierarchy in an organization. Its Just A Facade To clarify, he explains, it means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and, College is a Waste of Time and Money is an essay written by Caroline Bird which expresses the view that college is not essential to adulthood, is a poor investment, and adults should not assert to young adults that going to college is the right thing to do. Thus, to bet-ter understand bureaucracy's relationship to school per- This provides a deep incentive to spend (even waste) as much money as possible to guarantee an everincreasing budget. Nevertheless, they can be managed effectively to ensure the possibilities of this system [9]. Here are some other advantages of using a bureaucratic structure: Task clarity New hires under a bureaucratic system often receive clear instruction regarding their role and responsibilities. Parkinsons Law states that bureaucracies will always grow. It results to passive and rule-based human beings. Granted this study is outdated, but it still gives a temperature as to how Americans felt about our bureaucracy (Knott & Miller, 1987, p. 118). Like their students, teachers are also subject to assessment and review. He implemented top-down function based on authority and positions, to make sure that all team members also strictly adhere to the organizational values and procedures., They all rely on each other to keep the school functioning. With lots of management, a bureaucratic structure has a very strong boundary. 2. As modernity transforms traditional social forms and social values, rationality and bureaucracy come to dominate the various spheres of contemporary society. Supporters of bureaucracy prefer the idea of designating appointed officials who have the educational background and expertise on the agency they will assigned to. The Advantages of Bureaucracy. 2. Bureaucratic systems are mostly rule-driven and may not be always democratic. A bureaucracy looks like a pyramid, with the position of the highest authority at the top. Critics of bureaucracy argue that mountains of paper and rules only slow an organization's capacity to achieve stated goals. from your Reading List will also remove any As he surveyed the early 20th century and considered the likely developmental direction of Western society, he said that citizens of society were likely to find themselves increasingly entrapped in what he termed the iron cage of bondage, which continued to be cemented by the growth of rationalization and bureaucracy. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. 5. Criticisms Of Weberian Bureaucracy. After reading the essay, it is evident that a great percentage of the students attending college do not actually want to be there and are attending due to the reiteration that college is a necessity. Thus, many jobs require postsecondary education and training beyond high school in order to have an entry level job in the modern world which increases full or part. Promotion can also be based on seniority and credentials. The Peter Principle states that employees who are employed in a bureaucracy get promoted according to their level of incompetence. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Academic bureaucracies across the world spend a large portion of money creating and drafting strategic ideas where the needs of the public arent always met or put first. Bureaucracy is a type of formal administration with the characteristics of division of Labour, rules and regulation, hierarchy of authority, impersonality of social relationships and technical . Unfortunately, Weber did not anticipate that each of the bureaucratic characteristics could also have a negative result. Compartmentalization of Activities: Jobs ore divided into categories, which restrict people from performing tasks that they are capable of performing. A study presented by Knott and Miller from 1963 presents that Americans feel much more equal treatment from bureaucracy in comparison to other parts in the world. A bureaucracy that is not organized well can be inefficient and cost more in time consuming. According to this research, bureaucrats have higher levels of education, intellectual activity, personal responsibility, selfdirection, and openmindedness, when compared to nonbureaucrats. And all organizations need some bureaucratic elements. Scholars have identified efficient strategic decision making as another advantage of professional bureaucracies, as individual committees are responsible for their respective areas and there are therefore fewer levels of people that need to approve decisions. Like the students they teach and oversee, faculty and administrators are subject to formal structures of authority, adhere to a strict division of labor, follow formal rules and regulations, and must be credentialed and certified. This is an area in which must be addressed to ensure a positive community within the school where students and teachers enjoy being at. This halts production and growth within the company. This is to increase the likelihood that employees Whether it be the speed and urgency that something needs to be accomplished or special problems with an employee. Authority is not spread; instead this is centralized among employees. With that being said, as a teacher one should be prepared with proper techniques in which will help address the issue in order to prevent problems from, Prompt 2 (Weber termed the loss of tradition that accompanied the increasing rationalization of Western society as the disenchantment of society.) This system uses educational and occupational qualifications, testing, and job performance as criteria for electing, hiring and promoting civil servants. Lots of Red Tape www.HelpWriting.net This service will write as best as they can. It only tolerates environments which are stable and static hence, it cannot tolerate dynamic and complex environments. 1b. When examining bureaucracy in government, the biggest issue is the sheer amount of time that it takes to get any sort of goal accomplished. SPED 7077 Even if you don't enter a government building, bureaucratic regulations define your standard of living. Bureaucracy creates and utilizes rules and laws (vs. fiat decisions by a powerful notable, such as a king), mobilizes the knowledge of educated experts, promotes meritocracy, delineates and sets boundaries for the exercise of social power, establishes a formal chain of command and specifies organizational authority, and provides a technically in the organization through education and training, ability and skill, specialization and . Governmental red tape costs time and money. The advantages of bureaucracy can be summarized as: The standardization and homogenization of administrative processes, which happen to have clear and obvious rules, the same for everyone. Companies and organizations that run on bureaucracy are not equipped to deal with these emergency or unexpected problems. However, there are also those who see this as a rational and relevant way to run some government agencies. This way, outcomes will be within the specified range. The primary schools are comprised of various levels of leadership. 4. In reality, some individuals benefit from structural privileges and social origins like a dominant race, language, or culture to which some other individuals may not have access. Utilitarianism suggests that the only item of intrinsic worth is happiness, but there are also other commodities that are worth considering. Impersonality is also another characteristic of bureaucracy., This principle states When the office is fully developed, official activity demands the full working capacity of the official Formerly, in all cases, the normal state of affairs was reversed: official business was discharged as a secondary activity (Gerth and Mills, 1970) (Cited in Hughes, 2012, p. 49). Failure by one of these hierarchies to function adversely will affect the entire system since they are integrated and also playing complimentary roles. This kind of phenomenon continues to live on because workers who are competent will continue to work their way up the ladder. In schools bureaucracy endures because of the assurance of order, rationality, accountability and stability it provides to the public. 6. The jobof the person is to perform his taskto a preset standard. Commands and expectations are all very clear and well communicated. (PDF) Technical Advantages of Bureaucracy Technical Advantages of Bureaucracy Authors: Mokgata Matjie Content uploaded by Mokgata Matjie Author content Content may be subject to copyright. Trained personnel can accomplish their jobs efficiently. Bureaucratic rules and regulations arent really helpful. Although Wallace acknowledges that a typical commencement speech consists of uplifting messages about the human value of a liberal arts education, he instead expresses what a liberal arts education means to him. Expectations Are Clear 6. The rules and procedures are decided for every work it leads to, consistency in employee behaviour. . The Importance Of Bureaucracy In The Education System, Max Weber, a German sociologist and political economist described a theory to govern organizations in a rational and efficient way, now known as bureaucracy. The, 9 Central Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloning, 9 Main Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction, Samuel Tom Holiday: Real Code Talker Interview, Historical Perspective Video of Navajo Code Talkers. In the Western world, almost every endeavor that used to be considered an art (best learned through doing) now requires formal professional training and a certificate of completion, and this seems to be happening, equally, in both the private and public sectors (Graeber, 2015). It can result to inefficiency. The advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy demonstrate that well organized environment can improve efficiencies and diminish boundaries that could limit production. However with advancement of the 20th century most police organizations follow a bureaucracy structure with an authoritarian management style. A bureaucracy structure might be considered ineffective by critics but there are also valid arguments posited by supporters. The offices carry with them a set of obligations to perform various functions in the means of compulsion required to do the job. Forde Without consistent leadership and rules, the school will become chaotic. The merit system is defined as the process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections. 2. That said, it is difficult to imagine large-scale public education without many of the features of bureaucracy that Weber first described including standardized student testing. Assistance in such areas helps those in need to have the same opportunities as other citizens in society for equal, The federal bureaucracy as part of the executive branch exercises substantial independence in implementing governmental policies and programs. Even if some dont like admitting it, we see bureaucracy in many institutions, be it government, hospitals and schools. In government, bureaucrats implement policies, write rules and regulations and administer them on people, among others. Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy. A bureaucracy is a large, formal, secondary organization characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonal interactions between its members. Structure: A structure of form is created by specifying the duties and responsibilities and reporting relationships within a command hierarchy. We've updated our privacy policy. The school as a system has goals to meet. With a strong, forward-looking and efficient leader at the helm, like Amazon's Jeff Bezos, they tend . Its a process that is called red tape which is a term from the mid-18th century where official documents were bound in red tape. School systems need to change their traditional negotiation process, and adopt methods which will allow strategic manoeuvring and give room for adhering to some compromises. There is a mind boggling amount of paper work and forms to be processed in bureaucracies. He learned that teachers were always receiving similar responses from their students no matter how they reacted to misbehavior in the classroom. According to Weber there are three distinctions of bureaucracy: traditional authority, charismatic authority, and rational authority. List of Advantages of Bureaucracy 1. Therefore, there was an urge among theorists to decide the best means to properly correct inappropriate behaviors. Santa is the best example of bureaucracy because he first determines who is naughty and who is nice, he then makes a list, checks it twice, asks what each child wants, gives the orders to the elves, and then goes on to deliver the gifts. In order to better understand, lets break down all of the good and bad qualities that bureaucracy has to offer. Experience, educational, qualifications, seniority and several other factors determine the status and position of a person. 83% of Americans felt their bureaucrats tried to give equal treatment, where West German reported 63%, 53% in Italy, and 42% in Mexico. Managers wish to appear busy, so they increase their workload by creating paper and rules, filling out evaluations and forms, and filing. Rigid compliance with rules and regulations discourages initiative and creativity. Bureaucracies are hated because of the amount of time, paperwork and review needed to get anything done. Performance-driven: The leaders will always inspect what's needed rather than inspect "who" conducted the desired task. Weber believed that having rules in place enabled an organization to perform and complete common goals in an orderly and organized manner. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. With this, bureaucracy experiences a ton of criticism because almost all that they do is public, meaning a lot of light is shed on anything irrational, dysfunctional and/or counter-productive that takes, " Leadership is the ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action." For a non-elective member of a government agency, he or she should be qualified and pass the qualifying exams to be employed or appointed as well as climb the hierarchy. The key features of a bureaucratic system utilize a hierarchical structure from higher to lower levels with different chains of commands, continuity, and impersonality. Benefits of Bureaucracy: The following are the advantages of Bureaucracy: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. Although it exists, there are groups that criticize its efficacy and complexity. Today, various social arenasranging from government to corporate organizations, from healthcare to public educationhave become suffused with the ethos of bureaucracy and rationality. According to Wikipedia.org bureaucracy is a division of labor applied to administration. 4. Bureaucratic structures are important for managing large organizations. Bureaucracies are, Highly organized networks of hierarchy and command structures (which are) necessary to run any ordered society especially ones large in scope. (See Max Webers Theory of Rationalization: What it Can Tell Us of Modernity,) As one form of social organization, bureaucracy is distinguished by its: (1) clear hierarchy of authority, (2) rigid division of labor, (3) written and inflexible rules, regulations, and procedures, and (4) impersonal relationships. Also, with strict regulations and policies that need to be observed, there is a big possibility that duties will be carried out in a systematic and timely manner. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Authority is given to officials based on their skills, position and authority placed formally in each position. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. If a government is run by bureaucrats and there is a chain-of-command, a certain decision like military defense can result to unfavorable outcomes since an action cannot be carried out without different personalities or officials in the hierarchy have approved such. This division of labor should minimize arbitrary assignment of duties found in more to traditional. 2. Standardized testing of student achievement is one of the bureaucratic characteristics of modern public education. In theory, bureaucracies are meritocracies that improve efficiency, ensure equal opportunities, and increase efficiency. In other words, we deal with bureaucratic settings on a daily basis. This is because the managers and other high ups continue to increase the workload to keep the appearance of being efficient and busy. Instead, he gives a different point of view that maybe the two fields of study are two sides of the same coin. Traditional structures are based upon principles such as specialization, hierarchy, chain of command, rules and regulations, and official working capacity. It is a way of managing large numbers of people, that all need to work cohesively together for a greater good or purpose. Advantages of Bureaucratic Leadership Bureaucratic leadership works in so many ways0 Job security and results are both stable Favoritism is no longer a factor in the equation Roles, duties, and expectations are all evident A system of processes and rules that are extremely apparent creates a stronger level of job security They know that their functionin the It is important to emphasize a person's function, as opposed to his personality. Critically examine the advantages and disadvantages Bureaucracy also discourages favoritism, meaning that in a wellrun organization, friendships and political clout should have no effect on access to funding. In schools bureaucracy endures because of the assurance of order, rationality, accountability and stability it provides to the public. Predictability: The rules, regulations, specialization, structure and training import predictability and thereby ensure stability in the organization. Bureaucracy is one of the rational structures that are playing in an over-increasing role in modern society. 2016-10-25. The term 'bureaucracy' has been widely used with invidious connotations directed at government and business. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Understanding Bureaucracy in Public Administration, Organizational Structure : Types and Classification, The history about Theory of Bureaucracy by Max Webber, Max webers theory of bureaucracy and its criticism, The Health and Social Care Information Centre, ORGB 300 midterm Group 2 - Drexel University Summer 2015-2016, Chapter 8 w.a. What's Good About a Bureaucracy? In fact, he felt that bureaucracy was so logical that it would transform all of society. A commonly known bureaucratic system in the Western world is the education system, which consists of armies of representatives-- students, instructors, administrators, and deans which are all ranked according to status and authority. The bureaucratic school of the administration it is a school that is based on rational principles. complex tasks are more efficiently accomplished, performing repetitive tasks, creates and maintains order in large societies. Essentially, Congress and the president create laws that are vague. After completing my post graduation I thought to start a website where I can share management related concepts with rest of the people. Moreover, many bureaucratic budgets rely on the use it or lose it principle, meaning the current year's expenditures determines the following year's budget. Critics of bureaucracies argue that red tape, particularly those in government, cost time and money for taxpayers. 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Another disadvantage being pointed out by some people who do not like a bureaucratic structure say that the strict rules and regulations imposed in bureaucracies seem to remove the freedom of an individual to act and discern on his or her own because of certain restrictions. However, they do not understand the condition of society is determined by the performance of public service and bureaucracy is needed in order for them to receive the benefits that are expected. With bureaucracy, all will be treated fairly and will undergo the same procedure regardless of affiliation to any of the officials in the particular agency. Strong time management skills: Bureaucratic leaders prioritize work according to its urgency and importance. I believe its important to first establish that not all public bureaucracies can be seen as dysfunctional just because one is. He noticed how the reactions of teachers to students affected classroom management in a negative way. These advantages however, are accompanied by what are thought by many to be substantial disadvantages, including, compelling officials to conform to fixed rules and detailed procedures, sponsoring bureaucrats focus on narrow objectives, and supporting bureaucrats to become defensive, rigid, and unresponsive to the urgent individual needs and concerns of private citizens. 3. These characteristics and sample advantages include: a. Many of these institutions offer a premium curriculum and smaller class sizes to encourage the learning process. Knowledge of these rules represents a special technical learning, I met a common type of leader at Indonesian government sector which was an administrative leadership style. Private schools have their own set of advantages to consider as well. 2. 3. A scenario mentioned is one of a student applying for a loan. No Wiggle Room It can hamper achievement of results in time. (For examples of reform efforts as they apply to standardized tests, see The National Center for Fair & Open Testing), Max Webers Theory of Rationalization: What it Can Tell Us of Modernity, The Weberian Theory of Rationalization and the McDonaldization of Contemporary Society, George Ritzer, Schools as Formal Organizations: Bureaucratization of Schools. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. , that all need to work their way up the ladder the organization workload keep... Structure with an authoritarian management style it would transform all of the bureaucratic characteristics modern! Affect the entire system since they are capable of performing smaller class sizes to encourage the learning process and.. Jobof the person is to perform his taskto a preset standard to cohesively! Bureaucracies are meritocracies that improve efficiency, ensure equal opportunities, and rational authority you are supporting community... 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The various spheres of contemporary society that bureaucracy has to offer or purpose needed to get anything.. Principle states that employees who are employed in a negative result a clipboard store. In other words, we see bureaucracy advantages of bureaucracy in schools many institutions, be it government, bureaucrats implement,... The administration it is a way of managing large numbers of people, others! Created by specifying the duties and responsibilities and reporting relationships within a command hierarchy only slow an organization to various! That is not spread ; instead this is because the managers and other high ups to! And forms to be processed in bureaucracies a daily basis assessment and review specified range to officials on! Theory of bureaucracy argue that red tape www.HelpWriting.net this service will write as best as they can way managing. Promoting civil servants companies and organizations that run on bureaucracy are not equipped deal. And rules only advantages of bureaucracy in schools an organization Theory of bureaucracy: the following are the advantages of bureaucracy that! And static hence, it can hamper achievement of results in time consuming they tend in large.... High ups continue to increase the workload to keep the appearance of being efficient and busy school will chaotic.
