Western Eastern More liberal, allows people to be open minded and critical. One could compare the fundamental ideas of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius (l. 551-479 BCE) with those of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (l. 384-322 BCE) and find they are presenting the same basic concepts. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com. Western ideas on how the self is constructed and how it relates to perception and experience are examined, and Western and Eastern concepts . While the rituals and festivals are different. s elf-concept. Sure enough, Shinobu Kitayama at the University of Michigan has found that people in Hokkaido tend to place a higher value on independence and personal achievement and emotions such as pride than Japanese people from other islands, and they were less concerned about the views of others. Mo-Ti, some claim, aims at a holistic understanding of one's self and one's surroundings while a western philosopher like Plato emphasizes specific goals one should strive for in discovering what is true and real in life. He is particularly pleased that researchers like Talhelm are beginning to set up big projects to try to understand the kaleidoscope of different ways of thinking. His motto - "Boys, be ambitious" - exemplifies the pioneer mindset that lingers to this day (Credit: Alamy). There isnt much pressure on them to take extra curricula activities and to finish their homework every day, except in some cases. Wolter: In Search of the Self: Eastern versus Western Perspectives Published by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University, 2012. creatures have at their core a sense of play, . In many cases, the consequences are broadly as you would expect. And usually is something staff are less willingly to do. Check out this link for the playlist. Philosophers from the east have always been engaged in exactly the same pursuit as their counterparts in the west. Cosmological unity. She has published historical essays and poetry. Need we ask anyone to tell us these things? His mentor,Socrates(the main character inPhaedrus, as in the majority of Platos works) asks this question of his comrade Phaedrus regarding the quality ofwriting. Plato uses this slave boy as an example of innate knowledge to show that people already know innately what they think of as being taught and that this goes for knowledge of goodness as well as anything else. Emphasizes religion and norms. Whereas Japanese people from other islands were more likely to explore the context such as the pressure to succeed the Hokkaido Japanese were more likely to blame the players personality or a flaw in his moral character. close relatives, Elders are considered as a sacred and passive. There are more than a dozen different words for "I . independent part of the society. But in Eastern culture you are given status as defined by your relationships to those with status. The Westerners are more open and blunt. In Asia persistence is a communal attribute and the group will persist and work together to achieve. Soon others followed suit, with farms, ports, roads, and railways sprouting up across the island. Where can you find the Philippines in the distinction? This extends to overtime. People in more collectivist societies tend to be more holistic in the way they think about problems, focusing more on the relationships and the context of the situation at hand, while people in individualistic societies tend to focus on separate elements, and to consider situations as fixed and unchanging. Another interrelated difference between Eastern and Western education is how learning itself is seen as a mean to an end. It tended to be more important than schooling in explaining that shift.. the other side, The West is considered by many to be a cultural region with an identity separate from that of the rest of Canada. The infant cries to let an adult know that it must be fed, and the child verbalizes that same need in words or deeds, such as saying, I am hungry, or going to get something to eat. Here are people in nearby counties, but one farms rice one farms wheat and we still found cultural differences., He has since tested his hypothesis in India, which also shows a clear divide in wheat and rice growing regions, with similar results. If the voluntary settlement theory is correct, those pioneers should have cultivated a more independent outlook in Hokkaido compared to the rest of the country. It does this in several ways and some of which are to wanting to look unproductive and wanting to take an active role in leading the group to be more productive. Both philosophers stated that the highest goal human beings could strive to achieve was a virtue. Let's consider our earlier scenario and the congratulations offered by a . Framework. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. Although there are investments and subsidies for universities and research and development centres, it is unclear as to how implement that technology for the long term. Therefore, people should only be encouraged to follow goodness so that they can live better and fulfilling life. Everything that is made beautiful and fair and lovely is made for the eye of one who sees. Do you want to watch the complete discussion for Understanding the Self. Write top five (5) differences between Western and Eastern society, culture, and individuals in the table below. If we can examine and think about things from every angle, thought process, and point of view, the better off we will be in the world. The writings put emphasis on the fact that eastern and western similarities are largely similar. The Eastern and Western religions both have some things in common as well as some things they can vary. Is there also a difference between regions or ethnolinguistic groups in the 2011 Western Saharan protests and United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories have 4 things in common (in Unionpedia): Morocco, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Self-determination, Western Sahara. I. Working with scientists in China, Talhelm tested more than 1,000 students in various rice- and wheat-growing regions, using measures such as the triad test of holistic thinking. The similarities of, the Philippines from its Asian neighbors are its geographical feature, culture--bayanihan, spirit and the gestures we use us a sign of respect, sipa the native sport similar to speak, takraw that is played through Asian countries and the cockfighting which is the past time, practiced in neighboring nations. Wonhyo would agree with that since he believed that everything was One and all of the experiences a person has in life are just a part of the One Experience of being a human being. The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. And this can be divided into six branches that have various importance over time. Eastern & western thinkers alike believe that human beings are essentially the same all over the world, only the details & customs differ. Latino assimilation into Western culture has been tumultuous. It splits almost neatly along the Yangtze River, says Talhelm. Thank you for your help! Eastern culture believes that one's future is determined by one's deeds today. Wherever we live, a greater awareness of these forces can help us all understand our own minds a little better. The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. Some of the most notable differences revolved around the concepts of individualism and collectivism; whether you consider yourself to be independent and self-contained, or entwined and interconnected with the other people around you, valuing the group over the individual. The love of wisdom knows no separate region; philosophy defies all boundaries and every kind of petty regional definition. Western culture. Whether you're backpacking in Vietnam or interning abroad in Beijing, the interface between your own cultural norms and those of your new surroundings can lead to fascinating . Join 800,000+ Future fans by liking us on Facebook, or follow us on Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn and Instagram. Overall western philosophy conceived that self exists, though there are manifold observations. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. 10. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Further, they argue, humans must recognize what is not good in order to reject it, and therefore do not need to be taught goodness but only be directed or educated to act on their innate knowledge of the good. Answer: The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. Here, there are only two fundamental choices: either the individual comes before the collective, or the collective comes before the individual. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. All cultural differences stem from where the respective cultures locate the relationship between individuals and society. Our thinking may have even been shaped by the kinds of crops our ancestors used to farm, and a single river may mark the boundaries between two different cognitive styles. As a simple example, imagine that you see a picture of someone tall intimidating someone smaller. In the western sense of individualism team building is less prevalent. contemplative. quora/What-are-the-differences-between-the-Western-and-Eastern-societies- In China in particular, students follow the learning tradition founded by Confucius, who emphasized the vital role of education in bringing honor to one's self . The culture in the east is to focus the family and the importance of the family on the children. Fill out the order form step-by-step. Specifically, the study asks whether Middle Eastern students' predictions regarding future performance rectify prior self-serving inflated assessment, thereby . The Greek philosopherEpictetus(c. 50-130 CE) said the same thing when he wrote, It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances. (Enchiridion, I:v) Epictetus says that one should not even feardeathbecause one does not know whether death is a good or a bad thing. This tendency for self-inflation appears to be almost completely absent in a range of studies across East Asia; in fact, in some cases the participants were more likely to underestimate their abilities than to inflate their sense of self-worth. A good example is our university, George Mason. Not a leaf was stirred, not the chirping of a bird or a living thing. It was, he thought, a timeless place, straight out of pre-history. This blog interview covers living in China raising kids on China, expat tax, sending money home and China business setup in 2022, This article covers the top 20 differences and similarities between east vs west culture including family, work, beliefs, orientation, and other points, Your email address will not be published. In this same way, Wang Yangming advocates for the supremacy of intuition in moral matters. In many western countries populations may be around 50 million up to 300 million whereas in the east populations may be around 100 million up to billions. Growing rice requires far greater cooperation: it is labour-intensive and requires complex irrigation systems spanning many different farms. Two cultures could develop in the same climate, have the same crops, and yet be different. He is @d_a_robson on Twitter. There are in fact many ideas that are evolving around western civilization such as form of governments, methods of scientific inquiry, religions, and languages just to name a few. accepting of what is. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Mo-Ti, some claim, aims at a holistic understanding of ones self and ones surroundings while a western philosopher likePlatoemphasizes specific goals one should strive for in discovering what is true and real in life. As all cultures both east and west cultures its clear that everyone is striving for a better future. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Mark, Emily. Although it could be said that there is a stronger revival in China of Asian history and a renewed respect and interest in Asian history. a single conceot. In public, women cover up in dark clothing, wear less makeup, avoid contact with men, and avoid drinking alcohol. In Plato's Meno, Socrates praises a slave who knows geometry although he has never been taught it. Suppose you are asked to name the two related items in a list of words such as train, bus, track. This was Japans frontier its own version of the American Wild West. This refers to the popular understanding that eastern philosophy - specifically Chinese philosophy - addresses the whole of human existence while western philosophy - beginning with the Greeks - only focuses on certain aspects of the human condition. "Similarities Between Eastern & Western Philosophy." Although Western Philosophy tends to focus on the parts in an idea, the Eastern Philosophers focus to look at an idea as a whole. Ed.). Write top five (5) differences between Western and Eastern society, culture, and Lesson 4: The Self EASTERN AND WESTERN THINKERS ALIKE BELIEVE THAT HUMAN BEINGS ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME ALL OVER THE WORLD, ONLY THE DETAILS AND CUSTOMS DIFFER. In general Asians are more agnostic on the international stage and integrate more with a business culture rather than a cultural push. Western children are much more independent than their eastern counterparts. Thanks to the time and money it takes to probe minds across the globe, most research still examines Weird participants at the expense of greater diversity. Consider the USA, the most individualistic of all Western countries. Everyone wants to make a better life for themselves and their families. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. And it is usually not the most experienced that goes up the ladder. Wang would agree with Plato that anyone can recognize what is good and not good regarding morality. It is for this reason that Hokkaido proves to be so fascinating. Wang's and Plato's philosophies have been attacked by empiricists for a lack of evidence, but what these two philosophers are contending makes sense on a very basic level: one must know what is good in order to pursue what is good, and this knowledge of the good must be innate in order for people to have the desire to pursue it in the first place. East vs. west - The concept of "east" lumps many different cultures together that blur vast differences. Eastern culture believes that a human being is an integral part of the society as . Nearly 70% were American, and most were undergraduate students hoping to gain pocket money or course credits by giving up their time to take part in these experiments. In addition, when individual or country thinks that they are already modern or global, they try to move back to their own culture, digging their own heritage and try to keep it everlasting., Eventhough Eastern and Western Europe have monogamously different social aspects; both share political and economic factors., Being grounded on the thought processes and behaviors of other cultures is what may cause potential business endeavors to either succeed or fail. Both philosophers argue that there exists innate knowledge for all human beings. 2. developed theories of self what it means to be a human being. This can be seen in the form of parents also purchasing housing close to schools that they want their children to go to. Whereas, if we talk about good culture, beliefs, customs, the eastern part of the world overpowers the western one. This deference to others seemed like a subtle sign of a more collectivist mindset, and so Talhelm began to wonder what might lie behind the two outlooks. The question is what the solution should be.. points out that whenever we seek to understand an Eastern concept, a comparison with a concept we are . The criticism that Mo-Ti and Plato aim at different ends, mentioned above, is untenable in that both philosophers make clear that one must concentrate on the improvement of the self before one tries to improve others. True "Me" is given and doesn't In line with this theory, recent psychological studies have shown that the states at the edge of the frontier (such as Montana) tend to score higher on measures of individualism. How amazing it is that this rich and beautiful country, the property of one of the oldest and most densely populated nations of the world should have remained so long unoccupied and almost as unknown as the African deserts, he added. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. In fact one can ask several questions as to what the western civilization is, but the main question that should be asked is what may the history of western civilization comprised of., The orient has traditionally been considered to be the negation of the West, i.e. Whereas in the West the self is understood primarily as an autonomous ego whose existence is distinct from that of others, in the East, it is often argued there is no meaning of self that is independent of our relations to others. Eastern people make sacrifices for calmness of society but it is a tough task to manage life in harsh circumstances of eastern world. Emily Mark studied history and philosophy at Tianjin University, China and English at SUNY New Paltz, NY. Hokkaido is no longer a frontier, but its history has left its inhabitants with some unique traits (Credit: Alamy). In doing so, one might be able to shed light on one's own views of the Self, and perhaps arrive at some . Generally western children are left to do what they want. In such circumstances, it is very difficult to control and manage the expectations and the individual. And so the Japanese government had largely left it to the indigenous Ainu people, who survived through hunting and fishing. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. No infant is ever taught that it 'should' be hungry, and no child is ever instructed in making their need for food known to adults. The eastern and western philosophy present similar issues when it comes to the idea of the state of being a human being. Self-effacement reflects cultural norms and in some collectivist cultures, such as in China and Japan, consider modesty a virtue. Travellers daring to make the crossing would have then had to endure the notoriously brutal winters, rugged volcanic landscape and savage wildlife. Its the one with the most social credit. creativity and allows individuals to As a child Bird called Iran home, and wanted to go back as an adult after hearing about the country all over the news in her current home, New York City. Eastern Society and Culture. Related Content Western children are also much more comfortable with communicating their own feeling and thoughts about what they should be doing and what they will do. Concerning east vs west cultural differences, it seems that it is in the west the individual is very happy and able to voice their personal feelings and that those feelings are most important when making decisions. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. The relativist philosophies of the Chinese sophistTeng Shih(6th century BCE) and the Greek sophistProtagoras(5th century BCE) are almost identical. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Whereas in the east, children are made to study hard to improve themselves. The most often cited difference is that western philosophy is 'fragmentary' while eastern philosophy is 'holistic'. Both used Parables to relate concepts. Not only does the evid. Origin. It can even change the way that you see. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Plato asks the question, What is good, and what is bad? According to Plato, a person is already aware of good and bad because that individual responds innately to the quality of badness or goodness in a piece of writing and therefore responds to the whole idea of goodness or badness in life. Yes, there, is a difference between regions or ethnolinguistic groups. The means and ends of a society cannot be judged in terms of the other, because they are incommensurable., Reincarnation, salvation, prayer, 8 fold path, five pillars, and the five key relationships are all a part of both the Eastern and Western religions. These east vs west differences change the ways in which people act, behave, and think. The west can be defined as many different things, but According to Levack, B., Muir, E., & Veldman, M. (2011) the west is a place (p. 2). Perhaps as Western consumers are also harder to please and have a higher expectation to part with their money, innovation is a way to do so. And by guiding our attention, this narrow or diverse focus directly determines what we remember of a scene at a later date. Search for more papers by this author Though health care in general is not a clean-cut case around the world and many Countries both easter and western have various versions of healthy care systems. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Its a realty that is hard to avoid. Americans tend to draw themselves very large, Talhelm says. There are no sharp divides between two culture's different ways of thinking, and people in immigrant communities may incorporate both mindsets (Credit: Getty images), Although some people have claimed that our social orientation may have a genetic element, the evidence to date suggests that it is learned from others. The knowledge of good must, therefore, be innate for human beings to develop the desire of following it in the first place. The rough idea is that collectivism, characterised by greater conformity and deference to others, may make people more conscientious about avoiding the behaviours that could spread disease. Whereas the west has a much more direct and outspoken international stance. Before Emperor Meiji decided to populate the island, the only people to live in Hokkaido were the indigenous Ainu (Credit: Getty Images). for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Both the Western and the Eastern approach share a concept that a deeper understanding of reality is possible than is normally available in everyday experience. Talhelm said he was first inspired by his own experiences in the country. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. A similarity between east vs west cultural is that they both put a focus on innovation to keep economies thriving and competitive in the global marketplace. . These concepts are a running thread through many eastern and western cultural differences. spoken, famous folklore, well-known local products, festivals, etc. influential article in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, our social orientation may have a genetic element, recently profiled the thinking styles of British Bangladeshi families in East London, score higher on measures of individualism, Shinobu Kitayama at the University of Michigan has found, : the more likely you are to get infection, the more collectivist you are. Just as a child knows when it is hungry, a person knows how to be good. autonomous entity; it is an part of the universe and the. However, both philosophies have the goal of finding out the meaning and purpose in the life and path of an individual respectively. Our world is becoming a melting pot of cultures as people continue to blend in and integrate. The differences between the concepts of Wang and Plato are only cosmetic and linguistic. In particular, the Eastern psychological worldview of Buddhism regards examination of the self as essential for personal growth. For example, topics like sex or birth of a child are openly discussed in Western culture, whereas in the East, these topics are still taboo. They also asked people to draw a diagram demonstrating their relationships to their friends and associates: people in individualistic societies tend to draw themselves as bigger than their friends, whereas collectivists tend to make everyone the same size. This article is the first part ofThe Human Planet, a new series in which BBC Future uses cutting-edge science to explore our extraordinary diversity. Wang and Plato both agree that what prevents a person from acting on what they know is selfish desires which confuse people and make them choose to act badly even when they know they should not. More liberal, allows people to be open It helps humans deal with human morality and concepts such as good and evil, right and . Hokkaido's population rapidly grew from just a few thousand to the six million people who live there today (Credit: Alamy). The relativist philosophies of the Chinese sophist Teng Shih (l. 6th century BCE) and the Greek sophist Protagoras (5th century BCE) are almost identical. universe and the society. An example given by academic scholars is how Confucius' analects deal with both the inner and outer life of a person (holistic) while Aristotle's works emphasize how one should conduct one's self to live well among others (fragmentary). Richard C. Page, Richard C. Page. From the above illustrations of eastern and western philosophies, it is evident that the fundamental ideas addressed are similar. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's enchanting West-stlicher Divan (1819; "The Parliament of East and West"; Eng. Last modified January 17, 2016. The idea that its black and white from an anthropological perspective that doesnt work, says Delwar Hussain, an anthropologist at the University of Edinburgh, who worked with Mesoudi on the study of London's British Bangladeshi community. Click here to review the details. values. trans. Members are more interested in winning or competition within the team building exercise and it comes with a sense of individual gain in general.
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